Frailty Index Calculator
Calculate the Frailty Index from 20 deficit domains. Assesses accumulation of health deficits to classify frailty severity for surgical risk and geriatric care planning.
Osteoporosis Risk Score Calculator
Estimate fracture risk from common osteoporosis risk factors with a simplified educational screening checklist.
⚠️ Medical Disclaimer: This is a simplified osteoporosis risk checklist built from common fracture-risk factors. It is not the official FRAX model or an official fracture-probability estimate. Treatment decisions should rely on clinical assessment, DXA results, and the official country-specific tools used in practice.
years
kg
cm
Low (<10%)Moderate (10-20%)High (>20%)
Simplified Checklist Estimate
11%
High Checklist Risk
Directional checklist context only; hip-fracture context: 3.8%
Risk Factors Identified: 0
Prior fractureParent hip fractureGlucocorticoidsSmokingAlcoholRheumatoid arthritisLow BMIAge >65
Checklist Major-Fracture Context⧉
11%
High Checklist Risk
Checklist Hip-Fracture Context⧉
3.8%
Directional context only, not an official treatment threshold
Risk Factors⧉
0 identified
Modifiable and non-modifiable factors
BMI⧉
23.4
Normal range
OSTA Score⧉
-1.0
Moderate risk — 0.2 × (weight − age)
Suggested Follow-up Context⧉
High Checklist Risk
Formal fracture assessment and clinician review may be worth discussing next
| Checklist Level | Major Fracture Context | Hip Fracture Context | Suggested Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | <10% | <3% | Maintain bone-health habits and reassess with clinician input when appropriate |
| Moderate | 10-20% | — | DXA and formal country-specific fracture assessment may be worth discussing |
| High | ≥20% | ≥3% | Formal evaluation is usually the next step; medication decisions should come from DXA plus official tools |
| Formal Tool | What It Adds | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| DXA | Provides measured bone density and T-scores | Turns a screening conversation into an actual osteoporosis workup |
| Official FRAX | Uses the country-specific fracture-probability model | Produces the probability clinicians actually use in formal assessment |
| Medication review | Checks steroid exposure and other bone-active drugs | Can explain risk and identify modifiable contributors |
| Fall-risk review | Looks beyond bone density to real-world fracture exposure | Fracture prevention is not only about the skeleton |
Planning notes, formulas, and examples
About the Osteoporosis Risk Score Calculator
This osteoporosis risk calculator uses common fracture-risk factors to produce a simplified educational estimate of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture risk. It uses a FRAX-like input set that includes age, sex, BMI, prior fracture, parental hip fracture, glucocorticoid use, smoking, alcohol use, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures, disability, and loss of independence, and hip fractures are especially serious in older adults. Estimating risk early can help identify people who may benefit from bone density testing, fall prevention, or treatment discussion.
This calculator is a simplified screening checklist rather than the official FRAX model, so its percentages should be read as directional checklist outputs rather than as formal treatment thresholds by themselves.
When This Page Helps
A short risk checklist can help decide when a fuller bone-health assessment is worth doing. It is especially useful for initial discussion, screening, or education before formal DXA and country-specific fracture-probability tools are used.
The score is most useful as part of a broader clinical conversation rather than as a stand-alone decision.
How to Use the Inputs
- Enter demographics: sex, age, weight, and height.
- Select menopausal status if relevant.
- Answer the major fracture-risk factor questions.
- Review the simplified major-fracture and hip-fracture context.
- Use the result as a prompt for DXA, fall-risk review, and formal fracture assessment when appropriate.
- For formal fracture probability, use the official country-specific FRAX model, ideally with bone density when available.
Formula used
Simplified educational risk estimation:
Base risk + age contribution + sex adjustment + risk factor contributions
Risk factors scored:
- Prior fragility fracture
- Glucocorticoid use
- Parental hip fracture
- Female sex / post-menopause
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Low BMI
- Smoking
- Alcohol use
OSTA = 0.2 × (weight in kg - age in years)Example Calculation
Result: Checklist major-fracture context 11% — Moderate Checklist Risk
This simplified checklist output suggests enough risk to justify a fuller bone-health review. The next practical step is usually DXA plus formal fracture assessment rather than treating the number as a stand-alone prescription threshold.
Tips & Best Practices
- Prior fragility fracture is one of the strongest reasons to look more closely at bone health.
- Do not treat the percentage on this page as a substitute for official fracture-probability tools.
- Bone density, fall risk, and medication review all matter in real fracture prevention.
- Low body weight and chronic glucocorticoid use are especially important risk amplifiers.
- Use the checklist to decide whether a more formal workup is warranted.
- DXA plus the official country-specific FRAX model remains the better path for treatment planning.
Screening Versus Formal Fracture Probability
This page is designed to summarize common fracture-risk factors quickly. It is useful for education and triage, but it is not a substitute for formal probability models or DXA results.
Why Formal Tools Still Matter
Country-specific FRAX models incorporate population-specific fracture and mortality data. That means the same risk factor pattern can translate into different formal probabilities depending on the model and whether bone density is included.
Practical Use
The most practical use of this page is deciding when someone should move from a broad screening conversation to a more formal osteoporosis workup.
Sources & Methodology
Last updated:
Methodology
This page uses a simplified, FRAX-like screening checklist built from familiar fracture-risk factors such as age, prior fracture, parental hip fracture, glucocorticoid use, smoking, alcohol, rheumatoid arthritis, and BMI. The score groups those factors into broad checklist bands and also reports the OSTA screening value.
It is intentionally not the official country-specific FRAX model and it does not use DXA data. The percentages on the page are directional checklist outputs meant for education and triage, not formal treatment thresholds.
Sources
- FRAX® fracture risk assessment tool (University of Sheffield) — Official FRAX tool used as the reference point for the page’s disclaimer and general fracture-risk-factor framing.
- Fracture Risk Models (International Society for Clinical Densitometry) — ISCD resource summarizing formal fracture-risk models and the context in which they are used clinically.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. This page is a simplified educational checklist that uses familiar fracture-risk factors, but it does not reproduce the official country-specific FRAX probability model. If a formal treatment decision depends on fracture probability, the official FRAX tool and DXA context are more appropriate.
A fragility fracture is a fracture from a low-energy event, such as a fall from standing height, that suggests bone fragility beyond what would usually be expected in healthy bone.
That depends on age, sex, prior fractures, medication exposures, and overall fracture risk. The calculator can help flag when a formal bone-density evaluation is worth discussing.
On DXA, osteoporosis is generally defined as a T-score of -2.5 or lower. Osteopenia falls between -1.0 and -2.5. Those thresholds come from DXA, not from this checklist.
Chronic glucocorticoid therapy can reduce bone formation, increase resorption, and raise fracture risk, which is why it is one of the major risk factors on fracture-assessment tools.
Weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, smoking cessation, limiting alcohol, fall prevention, and addressing frailty all remain important regardless of whether medication is eventually used.
More in this topic
Morse Fall Scale Calculator
Calculate the Morse Fall Scale score to assess inpatient fall risk across six standard bedside factors.
Barthel Index Calculator
Calculate the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assessment. Measures functional independence across 10 activities including feeding, bathing, mobility, and continence.